STRINGS

strings − print the strings of printable characters in files.

strings [−afovV] [−min-len] [−n min-len] [−−bytes=min-len] [−t radix] [−−radix=radix] [−e encoding] [−−encoding=encoding] [−] [−−all] [−−print−file−name] [−T bfdname] [−−target=bfdname] [−−help] [−−version] file...

For each file given, GNU strings prints the printable character sequences that are at least 4 characters long (or the number given with the options below) and are followed by an unprintable character. By default, it only prints the strings from the initialized and loaded sections of object files; for other types of files, it prints the strings from the whole file.

strings is mainly useful for determining the contents of non-text files.

−a

−−all

−

Do not scan only the initialized and loaded sections of object files; scan the whole files.

−f

−−print−file−name

Print the name of the file before each string.

−−help

Print a summary of the program usage on the standard output and exit.

−min-len

−n min-len

−−bytes=min-len

Print sequences of characters that are at least min-len characters long, instead of the default 4.

−o

Like −t o. Some other versions of strings have −o act like −t d instead. Since we can not be compatible with both ways, we simply chose one.

−t radix

−−radix=radix

Print the offset within the file before each string. The single character argument specifies the radix of the offset−−−o for octal, x for hexadecimal, or d for decimal.

−e encoding

−−encoding=encoding

Select the character encoding of the strings that are to be found. Possible values for encoding are: s = single−7−bit−byte characters ( ASCII , ISO 8859, etc., default), S = single−8−bit−byte characters, b = 16−bit bigendian, l = 16−bit littleendian, B = 32−bit bigendian, L = 32−bit littleendian. Useful for finding wide character strings. (l and b apply to, for example, Unicode UTF−16/UCS−2 encodings).

−T bfdname

−−target=bfdname

Specify an object code format other than your system’s default format.

−v

−V

−−version

Print the program version number on the standard output and exit.

@file

Read command-line options from file. The options read are inserted in place of the original @file option. If file does not exist, or cannot be read, then the option will be treated literally, and not removed.

Options in file are separated by whitespace. A whitespace character may be included in an option by surrounding the entire option in either single or double quotes. Any character (including a backslash) may be included by prefixing the character to be included with a backslash. The file may itself contain additional @file options; any such options will be processed recursively.

ar(1), nm(1), objdump(1), ranlib(1), readelf(1) and the Info entries for binutils.

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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled " GNU Free Documentation License".