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Copyright

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Copyright Fair Use Clause

US Copyright Law

The material on this Web site has been (a) created by the document author, KrazyWorks.com, or (b) assembled from a variety of Internet websites and been placed here for ease and rapidity of local access, or, (c) for small amounts of text, derived from printed material.

A good faith effort has been made to comply with US copyright law. This does not mean that none of the material is copyright, but that the “fair use” clause of US Copyright Law and the Section II, Article 19 of the Intellectual Property and Associated Rights Law of the Russian Federation has been adhered to. The “fair use” clause, as explicated at the University of Pennsylvania website (http://www.upenn.edu/), is given below. In particular, any copyright material used here is (a) not used for commercial gain and used exclusively for educational purposes; and (b) used in limited amounts in comparison to the published source. The latter condition is not required under Section II, Article 19, Paragraph 2 of the Intellectual Property and Associated Rights Law of the Russian Federation.

If there are any objections that material placed here does not conform to the “fair use” provisions outlined, contact KrazyWorks.com (webmaster@krazyworks.com) and material will be removed immediately pending resolution of the issue. As for material prepared by KrazyWorks.com, permission is given to use freely in electronic form, and in print at educational institutions, as long as source and author are indicated.

“107: Limitations on exclusive rights: Fair Use Notwithstanding the provisions of section 106, the fair use of a copyrighted work, including such use by reproduction in copies or phone records or by any other means specified by that section, for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright. In determining whether the use made of a work in any particular case is a fair use, the factors to be considered shall include:

1. The purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes; 2. The nature of the copyrighted work; 3. The amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole; and 4. The effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work. (added pub. l 94-553, Title I, 101, Oct 19, 1976, 90 Stat 2546)”

Intellectual Property and Associated Rights Law of the Russian Federation

The following is an English translation of the excerpt from the Intellectual Property and Associated Rights Law of the Russian Federation, Section II: Intellectual Property Rights, dealing with the acceptable use of published works without the consent of the author and without monetary compensation.

Article 19. Use of a work without the consent of the author and without monetary compensation

Without the consent of the author and without monetary compensation, but with the mandatory indication of the name of the author who’s work is being used and the name of the source the following is permitted:

1) quoting of the original and in translation in scientific, research, polemic, analytical, and informational purposes from legally published materials in the amount justified by the purpose of quoting, including reproduction of excerpts from newspapers and magazine articles in the form of press reviews;

2) use of legally published materials and excerpts from them as illustrations in publications, sound and video recordings of educational nature in the amount justified by the established goal;

3) reproduction in newspapers, broadcasting via radio or cable for the purpose of public awareness of legally published in newspapers or magazines information dealing with current economic, political, social and religious subject matters or broadcast information of similar nature in cases when such reproduction, broadcasting via radio or cable were not explicitly prohibited by the author;

4) reproduction in newspapers, broadcasting via radio or cable for the purpose of public awareness of public political speeches, addresses, reports and other similar materials in the amount justified by informational purposes. At the same time the author retains the right to publish such materials as collected works;

5) reproduction or transmission in reviews of current events by means of radio or cable broadcasting for the purpose of public awareness of materials that were seen or heard in the course of such events in the amount justified by informational purposes. At the same time the author retains the right to publish such materials as collected works;

6) reproduction of legally published materials on a non-profit basis by means of raised dot fonts or using other special means for blind, except for works specifically created for such methods of publication.

The following is the excerpt from the Intellectual Property and Associated Rights Law of the Russian Federation, Section II: Intellectual Property Rights, dealing with the acceptable use of published works without the consent of the author and without monetary compensation.

Статья 19. Использование произведения без согласия автора и без выплаты авторского вознаграждения

Допускается без согласия автора и без выплаты авторского вознаграждения, но с обязательным указанием имени автора, произведение которого используется, и источника заимствования:

1) цитирование в оригинале и в переводе в научных, исследовательских, полемических, критических и информационных целях из правомерно обнародованных произведений в объеме, оправданном целью цитирования, включая воспроизведение отрывков из газетных и журнальных статей в форме обзоров печати;

2) использование правомерно обнародованных произведений и отрывков из них в качестве иллюстраций в изданиях, в радио- и телепередачах, звуко- и видеозаписях учебного характера в объеме, оправданном поставленной целью;

3) воспроизведение в газетах, передача в эфир или сообщение по кабелю для всеобщего сведения правомерно опубликованных в газетах или журналах статей по текущим экономическим, политическим, социальным и религиозным вопросам или переданных в эфир произведений такого же характера в случаях, когда такие воспроизведение, передача в эфир или сообщение по кабелю не были специально запрещены автором;

4) воспроизведение в газетах, передача в эфир или сообщение по кабелю для всеобщего сведения публично произнесенных политических речей, обращений, докладов и других аналогичных произведений в объеме, оправданном информационной целью. При этом за автором сохраняется право на опубликование таких произведений в сборниках;

5) воспроизведение или сообщение для всеобщего сведения в обзорах текущих событий средствами фотографии, путем передачи в эфир или сообщения для всеобщего сведения по кабелю произведений, которые становятся увиденными или услышанными в ходе таких событий, в объеме, оправданном информационной целью. При этом за автором сохраняется право на опубликование таких произведений в сборниках;

6) воспроизведение правомерно обнародованных произведений без извлечения прибыли рельефно – точечным шрифтом или другими специальными способами для слепых, кроме произведений, специально созданных для таких способов воспроизведения.