Basic Network Configuration Under Solaris
The following document provides a general overview of the network configuration process for Solaris. For a detailed review of Solaris network configuration please see Chapter 4 of the O’Reilly Solaris 8 Administration Guide by Paul Watters: Solaris 8 Administration Guide, Chapter 4
The basic Solaris network configuration process follows these steps:
- Check available network interfaces
- Configure loopback interface
- Configure ethernet interface(s)
- Edit /etc/hosts, /etc/defaultrouter, /etc/hostname.(interface_name), /etc/defaultdomain, /etc/nsswitch.conf, /etc/resolv.conf
- Restart inet daemon
Network Interfaces
Hardware and Driver Information
• To check the current hardware and driver specifications of your network card run the Korn shell script at the bottom of this document.
Alternatively, run the following set of commands:
1.
Run ifconfig –a
Example:
ifconfig –a
lo0: flags=1000849 mtu 8232 index 1
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000
eri0: flags=1000843 mtu 1500 index 2
inet 128.222.147.22 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 128.222.147.255
ether 0:3:ba:44:9d:22
2. for each interface from step 1 (i.e. lo0, etc.) run netstat –I
Example:
netstat –I eri0 Name Mtu Net/Dest Address Ipkts Ierrs Opkts Oerrs Collis Queue eri0 1500 jtripper.domain.com jtripper.domain.com 204358186 0 335053251 3 0 0
Network configuration
Standalone host
Example environment:
Hostname = jtripper IP = 128.222.147.22 Local loopback interface = lo0 Primary network interface = eri0 Default domain = jedi
Example configuration sequence:
1. To configure local loopback interface:
ifconfig lo0 inet 127.0.0.1
2. To configure Primary NIC:
ifconfig eri0 plumb ifconfig eri0 inet 128.222.147.22 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 128.222.147.255 ifconfig eri0 up
3. Populate /etc/hosts file:
vi /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost loghost 128.222.147.22 jtripper
4. Configure default router (gateway):
vi /etc/defaultrouter 128.222.147.1
The /etc/defaultrouter file is read by /etc/rc2.d/S69inet during system boot. The default router is then added to the routing table. You can run this script manually:
/etc/rc2.d/S69inet stop /etc/rc2.d/S69inet start
You can also add or change a default router manually (but you will lose this setting once the system is rebooted – only settings in /etc/defaultrouter will be retained):
route add default 128.222.147.1 route change default 128.222.147.1
You can specify a particular route for a particular address.
Example:
route add -net 10.0.0.0 -netmask 255.0.0.0 128.222.22.111
(NOTE: If you don’t want your machine to use the router – i.e. you want to limit the machine’s access to internal network – you need to touch /etc/notrouter )
To obtain routing statistics run:
netstat –r Routing Table: IPv4 Destination Gateway Flags Ref Use Interface -------------------- -------------------- ----- ----- ------ --------- 128.222.147.0 jtripper.domain.com U 1 2585 eri0 224.0.0.0 jtripper.domain.com U 1 0 eri0 default rd86-328g2.domain.com UG 1 10320 localhost localhost UH 216687155 lo0
To view the route for a particular netowrk destination:
traceroute marvin.domain.com traceroute to marvin.domain.com (128.222.22.57), 30 hops max, 40 byte packets 1 rd86-328g2.domain.com (128.222.144.1) 0.829 ms 0.782 ms 0.654 ms 2 rd86-328b.domain.com (128.222.82.2) 0.608 ms 0.854 ms 0.846 ms 3 marvin.domain.com (128.222.22.57) 0.824 ms 0.766 ms 0.552 ms
5. Configure default hostname:
vi /etc/hostname.eri0 jtripper
6. To verify that the interface is being addressed correctly by other hosts on the local network:
arp –a Net to Media Table: IPv4 Device IP Address Mask Flags Phys Addr ------ -------------------- --------------- ----- --------------- eri0 rd86-328g2.domain.com 255.255.255.255 00:0b:bf:f2:68:00 eri0 e137443.domain.com 255.255.255.255 00:08:74:9e:63:55 eri0 e449158.domain.com 255.255.255.255 00:0b:db:86:f4:b0 eri0 phl-lab-02.domain.com 255.255.255.255 00:90:27:3d:21:4d eri0 e259822.domain.com 255.255.255.255 00:b0:d0:cb:99:77 eri0 e060146.domain.com 255.255.255.255 00:06:5b:87:28:11 eri0 e390650.domain.com 255.255.255.255 00:0b:db:58:e5:cf eri0 e716918.domain.com 255.255.255.255 00:04:00:4c:48:25 eri0 jtripper.domain.com 255.255.255.255 SP 00:03:ba:44:9d:22 eri0 e731038.domain.com 255.255.255.255 08:00:11:09:01:b9 eri0 rd86-328g2.domain.com 255.255.255.255 00:0b:bf:f2:68:00 eri0 rd86-328g2.domain.com 255.255.255.255 00:0b:bf:f2:68:00 eri0 hpdyn08.domain.com 255.255.255.255 00:10:83:f9:77:a6 eri0 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 SM 01:00:5e:00:00:00
DNS Environment
In addition to the previous steps, complete the following configuration sequence:
7. Define default domain (“jedi” in this example)
domainname jedi vi /etc/defaultdomain jedi
8. Edit /etc/nsswitch.conf to match the following line:
vi /etc/nsswitch.conf hosts: dns files
NIS Environment
9. Edit /etc/hosts to add entries for NIS master and slave servers
Rename /etc/auto_home to /etc/auto_home.save
Copy /etc/nsswitch.nis to /etc/nsswitch.conf
Edit /etc/nsswitch.conf to match the following line:
vi /etc/nsswitch.conf networks: nis [NOTFOUND=return] files protocols: nis [NOTFOUND=return] files rpc: nis [NOTFOUND=return] files ethers: nis [NOTFOUND=return] files netmasks: nis [NOTFOUND=return] files bootparams: nis [NOTFOUND=return] files publickey: nis [NOTFOUND=return] files netgroup: nis automount: files nis aliases: files nis # for efficient getservbyname() avoid nis services: files nis sendmailvars: files printers: user files nis auth_attr: files nis prof_attr: files nis project: files nis
Initialize client with
ypinit -c
Enable NIS service (on Solaris 10)
svcadm enable network/nis/client
10. Edit /etc/resolv.conf to make it look something like this:
domain domain.com nameserver 128.222.121.11 nameserver 128.222.26.11 search domain2.com domain3.com domain4.com
Here’s a sample script to display status of network interfaces on a Solaris system:
#!/bin/ksh
# NIC STATUS
#set -x
#####################################
# VARIABLES
#
SCRIPT=$(/bin/basename $0)
NDD=/usr/sbin/ndd
NETSTAT=/usr/bin/netstat
IFC=/sbin/ifconfig
typeset -R5 LINK
typeset -R9 AUTOSPEED
typeset -R6 STATUS
typeset -R6 SPEED
typeset -R5 MODE
typeset -R18 ETHER
#####################################
# FUNCTIONS
#
#---- Function to check volume sizes and states.
#
USAGE()
{
echo
echo "$SCRIPT"
echo "$SCRIPT [-t]"
echo
echo " -t = Print tcp settings"
}
#---- Function to test that the user is root.
#
Check_ID()
{
ID=$(/usr/ucb/whoami)
if [ $ID != "root" ]; then echo "$ID, you must be root to run this program."
exit 1
fi
}
#---- Function to test a Cassini Gigabit-Ethernet port (i.e. ce_).
#
Check_CE()
{
autospeed=`${NETSTAT} -k $LINK|
awk '{for (i=1; i< =NF; ++i) {if ($i == "cap_1000fdx") {print $(i+1)}}}'`
case $autospeed in
1) AUTOSPEED=on ;;
0) AUTOSPEED=off ;;
*) AUTOSPEED=Error ;;
esac
status=`${NETSTAT} -k $LINK|
awk '{for (i=1; i<=NF; ++i) {if ($i == "link_up") {print $(i+1)}}}'`
case $status in
1) STATUS=Up ;;
0) STATUS=DOWN ;;
*) STATUS=Error ;;
esac
SPEED=`${NETSTAT} -k $LINK|
awk '{for (i=1; i<=NF; ++i) {if ($i == "link_speed") {print $(i+1)}}}'`
mode=`${NETSTAT} -k $LINK|
awk '{for (i=1; i<=NF; ++i) {if ($i == "link_duplex") {print $(i+1)}}}'`
case $mode in
2) MODE=FDX ;;
1) MODE=HDX ;;
0) MODE=--- ;;
*) MODE=Error ;;
esac
}
#---- Function to test Quad Fast-Ethernet, Fast-Ethernet, and
# GEM Gigabit-Ethernet (i.e. qfe_, hme_, ge_)
#
Check_NIC()
{
${NDD} -set /dev/ instance
if [ $type = "ge" ];then
autospeed=`${NDD} -get /dev/ adv_1000autoneg_cap`
else autospeed=`${NDD} -get /dev/ adv_autoneg_cap`
fi
case $autospeed in
1) AUTOSPEED=on ;;
0) AUTOSPEED=off ;;
*) AUTOSPEED=Error ;;
esac
status=`${NDD} -get /dev/ link_status`
case $status in
1) STATUS=Up ;;
0) STATUS=DOWN ;;
*) STATUS=Error ;;
esac
speed=`${NDD} -get /dev/ link_speed`
case $speed in
1000) SPEED=1GB ;;
1) SPEED=100MB ;;
0) SPEED=10MB ;;
*) SPEED=Error ;;
esac
mode=`${NDD} -get /dev/ link_mode`
case $mode in
1) MODE=FDX ;;
0) MODE=HDX ;;
*) MODE=Error ;;
esac
}
#---- Function to test the Davicom Fast Ethernet, DM9102A, devices
# on the Netra X1 and SunFire V100 (i.e. dmfe_)
#
Check_DMF_NIC()
{
autospeed=`${NDD} -get /dev/ adv_autoneg_cap`
case $autospeed in
1) AUTOSPEED=on ;;
0) AUTOSPEED=off ;;
*) AUTOSPEED=Error ;;
esac
status=`${NDD} -get /dev/ link_status`
case $status in
1) STATUS=Up ;;
0) STATUS=DOWN ;;
*) STATUS=Error ;;
esac
speed=`${NDD} -get /dev/ link_speed`
case $speed in
1000) SPEED=1GB ;;
100) SPEED=100MB ;;
10) SPEED=10MB ;;
0) SPEED=10MB ;;
*) SPEED=Error ;;
esac
mode=`${NDD} -get /dev/ link_mode`
case $mode in
1) MODE=FDX ;;
0) MODE=HDX ;;
*) MODE=Error ;;
esac
}
#---- Function to print "read and write" tcp settings.
#
Check_TCP()
{
echo
echo "TCP settings"
echo "============"
for i in `/usr/sbin/ndd /dev/tcp ?| egrep -v "tcp_host_param"|
awk '/read and write/ {print $1}'`
do
echo "`/usr/sbin/ndd -get /dev/tcp $i`tc"
echo $i
done
}
#####################################
# MASTER NICSTATUS FUNCTION
#
#---- Function to test network port configurations.
#
Nic_Status()
{
# Output header.
echo
echo " Link Autospeed Status Speed Mode Ethernet Address"
echo "----- --------- ------ ------ ----- ------------------"
#
# Create a uniq list of network ports configured on the system.
#
# NOTE: This is done to avoid multiple references to a single network port
# (i.e. qfe0 and qfe0:1).
#
for LINK in `${IFC} -a| egrep -v "lo|be|dman|lpfc"|
awk -F: '/^[a-z,A-z]/ {print $1}'| sort -u`
do
type=$(echo $LINK | sed 's/[0-9]//g')
num=$(echo $LINK | sed 's/[a-z,A-Z]//g')
#
# Here we reference the functions above to set the variables for each port which
# will be outputed below.
#
case $type in
ce) Check_CE $type $num ;;
dmfe) Check_DMF_NIC $type $num ;;
*) Check_NIC $type $num ;;
esac
#
# Set ethernet variable and output all findings for a port to the screen.
#
ETHER=`${IFC} ${LINK}| awk '/ether/ {print $2}'`
echo "$LINK $AUTOSPEED $STATUS $SPEED $MODE $ETHER"
done
}
#############################################
# Start
#############################################
#
aflag=
bflag=
vflag=
while getopts t? name
do
case $name in
t) tflag=1 ;;
?) USAGE
exit 2 ;;
esac
done
Check_ID
Nic_Status
if [ ! -z $tflag ]; then
Check_TCP
fi
set +x
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